Reinforced structure.



D. B. LUTEN.

REINFRGED STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED 1330.11, 1908.

Patented 11mg. 19, 1913.

D. B. LUTEN.Y

RBINFORGED STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED M0211, 1908.

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Patnd Aug. 19, 1101-3.A

D. B. LUTEN.

I REXNFORGED STRUCTURE.

rMPLPLIGATION PIL-ED D150. 11, 190sd Patented Aug.19,1913.

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Specification of nTietters Patent.

application ledjQecember 11,190.8. Serial No. ll.;67,095.

270, all. whom 'it may. concern Be it known that I, DANIEL B.v LUTEN, a citizen of the United States, residing. at lndianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of indiana, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements in Reinforced Structures and the Art of Producing the Same, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in the construction of Walls and columns. einployed in building structures of various sorts7 and the invention has for its general object to provide an improved structural member of the class above mentioned, charac terized by greater strength and' durability togetherwith greater economy in cost and materials as compared with similzii structures at present in use.

To these and other ends my invention consists in general in a wall or column structure principally characterized by the incorporation therein of tension or reinforcing members so .disposed as to bond the structure against breakage in all directions in which it may be subjected to strain.

The fundamental features of this invention were shown in an application filed by me on the 23d day of July, 1904:, Serial No. 217,767, which is a division of an application filed by nie on the 17th day of May, 1902, Serial No. 107,812.

ln the accompanying drawings l have illustrated a combination of structural inembers thus equipped with tension members disposed in a variety of relations to secure effective resistance to disruptive strains occurring longitudinally- ,cross-wise, and width-wise of the member; and referring thereto, Figure 1-sliows a structure coi'n posed of beams supported on a wall or column; Fig. 2 is a vertical section of a similar structure on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1; lfig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view on the line S--Bv of Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 4, is a horizontal section of a column showing in detail the .method of reinforcing; Fig. 5 is an elevation of the reinforcing in a column; Fig. o is an perspective views showing the method ofl forming. the reinforcement .for a column; lilg. 13 is a perspective illustrating the method of forming the multiple reinforce; ment for a. column ofgreater width thantli-ickness. l A

ln Fig. 1 the wall or column 56 is provided with rods or tension members following one face closely for a short distance, then passing across to follow the other face similarly, the purpose being to resist the tensile stresses caused in such columnsi by -transverse forces either applied directly or through connected members, and also tobond the material of the column together in a cross-wise direction as well as in its lon- 1, this view showing at the left the rein` forcing members 5i) above described extending in vertical parallel planes and bonding the material of the column in two dimensions only, as above described. But by arranging the rods or members in a helix or spiral as at. (50 wherein they not only pass back and forth from face to face of the column but also extend .vidtliwise of the latter, the material is also bonded in the transverse dimensions making it secure against cracking or bursting in all three divinensions. The arrangement illustrated at tbc right of the figure accomplishes the same end, being` a series of interlooped rods each bent to present alternate vertical and diagonal or oblique portions'l and 16a respectively tlius forming a square or rectangular helix, adjacent rods of the helices interloop.- ing with each other at the bends. l

Fig. 3. is a horizontal section showing the arrangement in plan of reinforcement in wall and column. lhus at 59 the reinforce? ment in the wall is shown as described in the first'arrangement. At GO. the reinforcement is shown. arranged in interlooping spirals. it 61 the rectangular helicesare shown in plan. And at 57 the spiral reinforcement is shown in plan in the columns and arranged a circle approximately in the tension regions of and tangent to, the four sides of the square column. At 62 a rectangular column is shown, that is, one having greater width than thickness, and at 63 an L column'adapted to support. in each of these columns interlocking spirals 60 are shown. lily these means a column or wall is not ,only ireif'ented from buckling under a longitu di force, but it is also restrained from g or snearing, and is thus enabled ".jiort far greater intensity of i c-uld be the case in a column not f' For greater efficiency y stresses in the col umn' wh en su'o, i' longitudinal compression, a hooping reinforcement of coils or spirals of substanti 1lv circular plan is desirable. .in a walihou dVer, or in any column of greater width than tl'iickness, it is not possible to inscribe a circle to include a maximum of the compression area. lut by arranging spirals or hoops in series, a maximum area of compression can be inclosed'and, if the arrangement be such that adjacent sets of longitu dinal hooping or helices iiitei'loop, or interlock, or interdigitate, great efficiency can be' effected. A

` ln Fig. 4 the column is shown in plan with longitudinal reinforcing rods 64 arranged substantially parallel to the sides of the column 65. ln conjunction with these rods is wound the hooping reinforcement 66 which is attached to the longitudinals at each crossing by passing through an openmg in a metal clamp 67 of U shape designedto fit upon the longitudinal rod and. held in place b y it in the clamp. This clamp sible to accomplish a similar result by using separate hoops for the hooping reinforcement instead of continuous spirals. In square or rectangular columns, the longitudinals are preferably located outside the hooping, in order that they may be farther from the axis, thus increasing their radius ofv gyration about the axis of the column and preventing buckling of the column.

Fig. 5 shows the hooped reinforcement clamped to ,the longitudinal reinforcement, the clamps being arranged in short sections to facilitate manufacture of clamps and weaving'of reinforcement as'will be explained in detail in connectionywith Figs. 11, 12 and 13. l

Figs. 6 and 7 are views similar to Figs. 5 and 4 respectively, of a column having greater width than thickness and reinforced' with two sets of hooped longitudinals. The hoops of one set may be interdigitated with the other set, or,by a process of Weaving explained later, one spiral may be made to pass through the corresponding loop ofl the otherspiral thus interlocking the two sets at asfrequent intervals as may be desired. By a modification of the clamp, as shown at 88 in Fig. 13, and in greater detail in Fig.-4

10, the two intermediate longitudinals may be replaced by one member in common for the two pairs.

`)ln Fig.,8 is shown the hooped reinforcement consisting of separate hoo-ps insteadof spirals. The clamp shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7, is shown in detail in Fig. 9, and the wire clamp of Fig. 13 is shown in detailA in Fig. 10. Myinyention further includes a process of weaving such reinforcements, as explained in Figsll, 12, and 13. It has heretofore been customary to manufacture column reinforcement and then raise it to place, after which the forms were erected around the reinforcement preparatory to placing the concrete. It has usually been necessary to wind` the hooping upon a wooden forming cylinder to which the longitudinal members Were first attached, then the transverse hoops connected to the longitudinals, after which the completed reinforcement was removed from the forming cylinder and placed in position in the proposed column. This common process is not only tedfous and expensive, but it necessitates the placing of the steel for columns before the erection of forms. Such procedure of necessity delays the Vconstruction of a building because the steel workers are continually in the way of the carpenters. My present vmethodobviates this difficulty in the following manner: As Ishown in Fig. 11 I first erect the forms for the column, then place the longitudinalreinforcement, after which I weave the hooped reinforcement on the longitudinals from the top. Thus the forms 68 are shown for the column and forms or centering 69 for the floor, with the longitudinals 64 projecting -from the forms. A coil of hooping 70 is so arranged as to be readily placed about the longitudi- I nais. The end of the coil is passed through one of the perforations 71 in a clamp, which is then passed over the end of one of the longitudinal. rods. The hooping is then passed into the perforation 72 of another clamp over the adjacent longitudinal rod, continuing thus around thecolu'mn, and returning to the first clamp the spiral enters the second perforation in that clamp, and so on for all theothers, the pitch of the spiral being thus determined by the spacing of the perforations in the clamps. It would of course be difficult to perform this operation with clamps of the entire lengths of the rods, and the clamps are therefore made up of short lengths say one to two feet each, and as the spiral is worked into a short length of clamp, it is forced downward on .clamped hooping from-bottom to top.

.a column having corners 1t is desirable thatthe longitudinal and new lengths of clamps are added, abutting at their ends as at 73, or overlapping as at 74, in Fig. In this way the hooping reinforcement is woven at the top and slides down the longitudinals until the entire column reinforcen'ient of longitudinal rods is bound about with 4a F or the longitudinals occupy 'the corners, and in such cases the hooping would preferably he arranged inside the longitiiilinals. This is` readily accomplished as shown in Fig. 1.1, by arranging the clan-ips (S7 ontside the rodsv and the liooping inside. ln some cases however it may be desirable to have the longitu- 'dinals inclosed by the hoopingvand the modified method for'accomplishing,this 1s' .snown 1n Fig. '12,. AThus it is necessary only toreverse the clamps and to pass the coil over the top of the clamp and thendownward, asat 89, to its proper-perforation in the clamp.

In Fig. 13 the method is illust-rated in connection with a Adouble reinforcement for a .widened column and in this case one -set of longitudinal members serves in. comit-.ion for both reinforcements. A modified clamp 8S is used consisting of a .closed ring ofwire bent to inclose the transverse reinforcement.

and the longitudimil in the same manner as single perforation of the .sheet metal clamp." This forni 'of clamp is shown in deried to the longitudinals, it may be inverted,`

thus taking its proper place and alternating wit-li hoops from the other coil, producing -an interdigitating of ".oops that may be el);-

tended to any number of such reinforcements iii a series in a column or wall.- This met-hod of arranging the coil and inverting ea'ch strand may of course be employed in the single reinforcements shown liii Figs. 11 and'12, instead of the arrangement there shown. i

If in' the double reinforcement, it bedesired to pass one loop through the-other correspondingloop, it may be readily aecomplished by carrying the coils 70 and 75 aroundthe column, (see 'the arrows inv Fig.

13),;asthe strands are unwound lfrom the coils and hooped about t-he longitudinals'. It is ofcourse essential 1n performing this process of IWeaving the reinforcement, that` the longitudinals be held in substantial parallelism, and that. the clamps all have s utlicient play to slide, preferably freely, uponV i them. By this method of forming the reinforcement7 I am enabled to erect the forms for Vall columns and floors before placingv I the steel. .Them while the steel for. the floor reinforcement is being placed, the steel for the4 columns may also be placed, and the hooping woven on the longitudinale without delaying either the erect-ion of forms or the placing. of.steel; thus facilitating organlza-- tion andspeed in erection. It is moreover much' more economical of time and expense than the .old method of first forming the reinforcement and thenp1aeng it. I claim nl. A wall of hardened plastic reinforced Witheinbedded tension members arranged in helical spirals in series having'their naxes substantially parallel to eachother and to the surfaces of the wall, the'member forming one spiral passing betweentheanember and the axis of the adjacent spiral.

A wall having reinforcing members embedded Atherein in adjacentspirals, coils I of one spiral. passingthrough corresponda coils of the adjacent spiral.

'In witness whereof, I. nave hereunto set my hand and :mi at Indianapolis, Indiana, this ninth day of December, A .D. one thousand nine hundred and eight.

-DANIEL B. LUTEN. [17. s] litnessesz l C. "KNIGHT, Minne M. EoiirNs. 

